Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) are an essential element of transport in industry 4.0. Although they may seem simple systems in terms of their kinemat.

En este artículo se analiza una recreación quijotesca en la novela de Graham Greene Monseñor Quijote. Para ello se utilizan dos términos procedentes del Derecho romano: los conceptos de autoridad y poder. En esta obra de Greene, la autoridad surge de los libros o de autores de libros, cuya lectura permite que la vida siga teniendo sentido. En Greene encontramos la estrategia de lectura conocida como las sortes virgilianae que permite a los personajes orientarse en las dificultades diarias. Sin embargo, (...) el poder está caracterizado por su condición iletrada, la ausencia de libros y su ignorancia. In this article a novel by Graham Greene entitled Monsignor Quixote is analysed, a book that involves a recreation of the novel by Cervantes. The author of this article employs two concepts from Roman law: authority and power in his analysis. In this work by Greene, authority arises from the books or the book writers, whose reading allows life to keep making sense. In Greene, a strategy of reading known as the sortes virgilianae is found and this allows the characters to get their bearings in the daily difficulties. However, power is described as illiterate, the absence of books and ignorance. (shrink)

This chapter focuses on one of the common fallacies in Western philosophy: hasty generalization (HG). HG is committed when some aspect of the definition of the proper generalization is violated. In other words, the “hasty” aspect of this fallacy is triggered either when there is a lack of knowledge of the selected sample or when the selected sample is not representative of the whole group, or when both and are true. We see HG committed just about every day in politics (...) and the media. In politics, HGs are used to emphasize the extremes of a particular viewpoint. Concurrently, HG is used quite often by advertisers to promote a particular product. To avoid committing this fallacy, the arguer should take into consideration the amount of justifiable knowledge one might have on a particular subject and whether the selected sample being used in the case is justifiably representative of the group in question. (shrink)

This chapter focuses on one of the common fallacies in Western philosophy called the slippery slope. According to Patrick Hurley in A Concise Introduction to Logic, “the fallacy of slippery slope is a variety of the false cause fallacy. It occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place”. The key term in the chapter is “chain reaction”. If all of (...) the events in the chain reaction can be justified, then the slippery slope is not committed. But the nuances and intricate improbable connections between each event still make it difficult to support the ultimate conclusion, which is to get rid of cable. The chapter discusses two simple techniques in order to avoid committing the slippery slope fallacy. (shrink)

Steinman indicates that his ability to understand beauty is limited by his imagination. Beauty, as it has been traditionally defined, is an ultimate value, an ideal on same level as truth and goodness. Many of the ancient Greeks believed that symmetry represented order, and order was beautiful because it revealed a type of cosmic justice and truth that no person could deny. So, when Steinman's application of beauty comes into play, he is definitely emphasizing the order and justice that beauty (...) provides. The player of BioShock is introduced to a world quite familiar to ours, not necessarily in sense of Rapture, underwater cities, or vintage décor, but rather in the form of worldview. The vending machines are not coincidentally called Circus of Values. As players, one have value in surviving (intrinsic) so one will do whatever one can to survive, including buying or hacking vending machines with supplies (extrinsic value). (shrink)

We analyse team dictator games with different voting mechanisms in the laboratory. Individuals vote to select a donation for all group members. Standard Bayesian analysis makes the same prediction for all three mechanisms: participants should cast the same vote regardless of the voting mechanism used to determine the common donation level. Our experimental results show that subjects fail to choose the same vote. We show that their behaviour is consistent with a joy of ruling: individuals get an extra utility when (...) they determine the voting outcome. (shrink)

This article aims to consider how the history of philosophy is being made, mainly how the Enlightenment’s history is being told. To this end, it analyses a recent book by Antony Pagden to clarify a practice that seems to be frequent in the historiography of this cultural and philosophical movement of the 18th century: that of its political use. The work is divided into two parts: first, there is an academic critique, concentrating on how Pagden constructs his story of the (...) Enlightenment. Then, a political exegesis is carried out to clarify what purposes the author seems to have pursued at the time of publication of his work. In the conclusion, finally, a series of considerations of a metaphilosophical nature are made. (shrink)

Philosophy of Language in Uruguay examines works of philosophy of language through epistemology, linguistics, and cognitive sciences to discover how philosophy of language has developed in Uruguay in the last two decades.

In this article the chief lines of current American epistemological thought are outlined, as are the criticisms which each of these perspectives has received. A special emphasis is placed on the distinction between internalism and externalism. Mutual criticisms are made between the foundationalists and the coherentists, and the reliabilist standpoint is developed in detail in order to show that Virtue Epistemology is able to capture some of the best intuitions arising from the justification of belief.

Resumen: En la primera parte del presente artículo se estudia la naturaleza de los denominados culturemas, entendidos como unidades semióticas cuyo referente es un elemento perteneciente a una cultura dada desconocido o sin equivalente exacto en otras culturas y que, por tanto, es percibida como una especificidad cultural. Igualmente, se analizan los criterios tanto para su clasificación tradicional por contenido referencial como su clasificación por relevancia semiótica en una traducción. En la segunda parte se aplica el método culturo-traductológico para analizar (...) culturemas presentes en la obra de Iván Turguéniev, Rudin, y la forma de transponerlos en las diferentes versiones al español existentes por parte de distintos traductores.: In the first part of this article, the nature of so-called culturemes is studied, understood as semiotic units referring to an element belonging to a given culture which is unknown or without an exact equivalent in other cultures, and which is therefore perceived as a cultural specificity. Additionally, criteria are examined for both their traditional classification by referential content, and their classification by semiotic relevance in a translation. In the second part, the cultural-traductological method is used to analyse culturemes present in Rudin, the work by Iván Turguéniev, and the way of transposing these in the different Spanish versions by different translators. (shrink)

Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together (...) researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals. (shrink)

En este trabajo se examinan las tesis centrales de la extensión que lleva a cabo Rawls de su teoría de la justicia como imparcialidad a las relaciones internacionales. Aquí se revisan, a partir del constructo de la primera posición original, las exigencias, los límites y las condiciones de los términos posibles de ser acordados en la segunda posición.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows the state of air pollution in a unique and more understandable way. This work aims to forecast the AQI in Algeciras (Spain) 8 hours in advance. The AQI is calculated indirectly through the predicted concentrations of five pollutants (O3, NO2, CO, SO2 and PM10) to achieve this goal. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and a newly proposed method combing a rolling window with the latter (LSTMNA) are employed as the (...) forecasting techniques. Besides, two input approaches are evaluated: using only the data from the own time series of the pollutant in the first case or adding exogenous variables in the second one. Several window sizes are employed (24, 28 and 72 hours) with ANNs and LSTMNAs. Additionally, several feature ranking methods are applied in the exogenous approach to select the most relevant lagged variables to feed the models. Results show how the proposed exogenous approach increases the performance of the prediction models. Besides, the newly proposed method LSTMNA provides the best performances in most of the cases evaluated. Hence, it constitutes an exciting alternative to standard LSTMs and ANNs to predict pollutants concentrations and, consequently, the AQI. (shrink)

Descartes, padre de la filosofía moderna, por E.B. Pita.--El problema critico fundamental, por J.I. Cifuentes.

The criticism of Bernstein on the encyclical Fides et ratio, claiming that it does not take into account the progress made by the best philosophies of this Century on the analysis of truth, is false. This paper show that the encyclical does take into account the achievements of analytical epistemology. Also it says that the even challenges analytical philosophy to deal with even more important issues such as the role of metaphysics in the analysis of human knowledge and conceptual language.

El artículo analiza desde una perspectiva fenomenológica y hermenéutica el modo originario de donación del mundo y el origen del mundo en el pensamiento de Jan Patočka posterior a 1965. Primero muestra en qué sentido tanto la donación del mundo como horizonte, cuanto los movimientos de la existencia humana, implican un vínculo esencial entre el modo originario de darse del mundo y la noción de infinito, concebido como lo indefinido e inagotable. Finalmente explicita por qué el vínculo del mundo con (...) lo infinito reposa sobre un impulso creativo divino que constituye el fundamento cosmológico de la religiosidad humana. (shrink)

En este libro se tratan cuestiones abiertas sobre la modernidad, los imperios coloniales europeos y el capitalismo como fenómenos simultáneos. También la relación del pensamiento de Marx con el de Schelling; el tema político en E. Levinas; la función de los argumentos tautológicos en política imperial ; un desarrollo del concepto de tolerancia que se trasciende en el de solidaridad, desde las hipótesis de trabajo de K.-O. Apel y J. Habemas; una crítica al pensamiento cuasi-anarquista de John Hollaway en torno (...) al problema de las instituciones políticas y el poder, para concluir con la propuesta de que el pensamiento crítico de las dos primeras generaciones de la Escuela de Frankfurt se continuaría en la periferia mundial postcolonial a través de la filosofía de la liberación; más en concreto, por medio de una política de la liberación, que es producto del «giro decolonizador» desde los años setenta del siglo XX. Política en la que desembocan todos estos trabajos que abarcan muchos años de estudios sobre el tema. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The article reconstructs the cosmological notion of world and the theory of the three movements of human existence in Patočka’s thought. The reconstruction explains the essential unity between world and existence. It grounds this unity, firstly, on the structural features which are common both to the movement of the world and the third movement that consummates existence, and, secondly, on the fact that this consummated existence signifies, in an analogous manner, the cosmic significance of heaven and earth. Finally, as (...) a problem in Patočka’s phenomenology, it shows the absence of a cosmological ethics that should consider not only the movement of realization of life, but also the movement of derealization that the cosmos is. (shrink)

In this article E. Falque offers an original reading of the Augustinian epithet “I am a weight to myself” (oneri mihi sum, conf. 10.28). The question for Falque is not to determine whether Augustine belongs to the history of metaphysics (as is J.-L. Marión’s interest), but to determine what Augustine’s “weight of life” does to phenomenology in the backlash (‘le choc en retour’), or the after theafter, of metaphysics. Specifically, foliowing M. Heidegger, Falque finds the “weight of life” particularly relevant (...) to frame the post-metaphysical experience of memory and the question of pain. Overall, the infamous Augustinian “restless heart” finquietum, conf. 1.1) ineludes, through the “weight of life”, an unquenchable dynamic which is the divine action in human beings. The “weight of life” is such in the finitude of human existence that there always remains restlessness in rest. Thus, Falque recovers the restlessness of rest through an analysis of the backlash of the “weight of life” in the after the after of metaphysics. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la noción de cuerpo propio y su relación con el mundo en el pensamiento de J. Patočka. Primero analiza la referencia al mundo de las características esenciales del cuerpo propio. Luego muestra en qué medida dicho cuerpo puede ser concebido como resultado del movimiento ontogénico, fenomenológico, regenerativo y teleológico de encarnación del mundo en el hombre. A continuación explicita el sentido último de la existencia corporal humana como movimiento ético de desencarnación del hombre para el mundo. Finalmente (...) interpreta ambos movimientos de encarnación y desencarnación como testimonio de la acción de lo divino en el universo. (shrink)

Einleitung, von A. Ruge.--Die prinzipien der logik, von W. Windelband.--Prinzipien der logik, von J. Royce.--Die prinzipien der logik, von L. Couturat.--Die aufgabe der logik, von B. Croce.--Die probleme der logik, von F. Enriques.--Die umgestaltung der bewusstseinsbegriffes in der modernen erkenntnistheorie und ihre bedeutung für die logik, von N. Losskij.

La consideración de la coloración presentada por Hegel para establecer una categoría superior de ésta sobre el dibujo o del boceto se basa en que estos no son sustanciales en la representación pictórica. Hegel establece un punto de cambio respecto de las consideraciones que se tenía de la supremacía de la forma sobre lo colorido que planteaban autores como Immanuel Kant o Johan J. Winckelmann. Hegel se acerca a las concepciones del color de Goethe y Diderot para poder hacerse al (...) carácter subjetivo que hay en ella, donde el color se da en el ámbito de la percepción Humana independiente de cualquier teoría objetiva, pero al mismo tiempo permanece reacio a las leyes universales de la armonía que son fundamento de la teoría goethiana que funciona sólo para la filosofía natural pero no para la artística tal y como se refleja en la teoría de Diderot, y en la pintura Holandesa. (shrink)